Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42406594›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

M4-ipRGCs regulate contrast sensitivity in vision.

K M Daly, Xiaoyi Li, Shubham Rathore, Ruchi Komal, Corinne Beier, Grayson P Ostermeyer, Joseph Leffler, Nazia M Alam, Glen T Prusky, Phyllis R Robinson and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

K M DalySection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Xiaoyi LiSection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Synaptic Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Shubham RathoreSection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ruchi KomalSection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Corinne BeierSection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Grayson P OstermeyerDepartment of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Joseph LefflerDepartment of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Nazia M AlamThe Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10605, USA.
Glen T PruskyThe Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10605, USA.
Phyllis R RobinsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Benjamin SivyerDepartment of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
William N GrimesSynaptic Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jeffrey S DiamondSynaptic Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
R Lane BrownDepartment of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Samer HattarSection on Light and Circadian Rhythms (SLCR), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: samer.hattar@nih.gov.

Funding

Section on Light and Circadian RhythmsZIAMH002964 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI HATTAR, SAMER · 2017 to 2025
$24.1M
Circuit function and visual signal processing in the retinaZIANS003145 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI DIAMOND, JEFFREY S · 2014 to 2025
$16.7M
Regulation of the intrinsic melanopsin-based light response in ipRGCsR01EY027202 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY · PI RONALD Lane BROWN, Joseph Leffler · 2017 to 2026
$5.3M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002964Intramural NIH HHS ZIA NS003145NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in mice are comprised of at least 6 morphological subtypes, known as M1 to M6. While the M1-ipRGC subtype is well characterized, directly linking cellular manipulation of other subtypes to behavior remains challenging. However, recent transcriptomic studies revealed molecular heterogeneity within ipRGC subtypes that may help bridge this gap. Here, we use intersectional genetics for targeted in-vivo manipulation of a single ipRGC-type, the M4-ipRGC, also known as the ON-sustained alpha ganglion cell. Central projections of M4-ipRGC axons avoid the hypothalamus, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but abundantly innervate image-processing regions, particularly the nucleus of the optic tract. Chemogenetic activation of M4-ipRGCs enhances contrast sensitivity in behavioral and physiological tests, whereas chemogenetic inhibition reduces contrast sensitivity. This work presents a robust method for studying behaviors driven by a single ipRGC subtype in-vivo, and highlights the crucial role of M4-ipRGCs in visual tracking and contrast sensitivity.

Indexed as

Contrast SensitivityRetinal Ganglion CellsVision, OcularAnimalsChemogeneticsMiceCP: neuroscienceDREADDintersectional geneticsINTRSECTlow contrast visionM4-ipRGCmammalian visionmelanopsinON sustained alpha ganglion cell

Identifiers

PMID42406594
PMCPMC13682270

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.