Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42406302›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026

Safety Profiles of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of Five Clinical Studies.

Le Hu, Yue Liu, Siyue Jia, Mingwei Wei, Pengfei Jin, Feng Wen, Hongxing Pan, Kai Chu, Yanjun Chen, Zijie Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Le Hu *School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Yue Liu *School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Siyue JiaSchool of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Mingwei WeiSchool of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Pengfei JinJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Feng WenSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
Hongxing PanJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Kai ChuJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Yanjun ChenJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Zijie ZhangBio-X Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Jingxin LiSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. jingxin42102209@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7033-5151

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2307601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSafety concerns remain an important barrier to pediatric influenza vaccination, yet directly comparable evidence across vaccine platforms, valency formulations, and administration routes remains limited. This study compared the safety profiles of five seasonal influenza vaccines in Chinese children and adolescents.

methodsWe pooled individual-level safety data from five clinical studies including participants aged 6-17 years. Adverse event (AE) incidences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Clopper-Pearson methods, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare AE risks.

resultsAmong 2885 participants, overall AE incidence was 23.1% (95% CI, 21.6-24.7%). Grade 3 AEs were uncommon (≤ 1.1%), and no serious AEs were reported. AE profiles differed across vaccine platforms: inactivated vaccines were mainly associated with pyrexia and injection-site reactions, whereas trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine was characterized by rhinorrhea, cough, and nasal congestion. Compared with trivalent inactivated split-virion vaccine, quadrivalent inactivated subunit vaccine was associated with lower odds of any AE (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.79) and local AEs (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17-0.52).

conclusionsAll five vaccines showed acceptable short-term safety, with platform-specific reactogenicity patterns. Among inactivated vaccines, the quadrivalent subunit formulation showed a relative local tolerability advantage.

Indexed as

Inactivated influenza vaccineLive attenuated influenza vaccinePediatricsReactogenicitySafetySeasonal influenza vaccine

Identifiers

PMID42406302
PMCPMC13476424

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