ArticleSurgery open science2026
Structural imbalances in EPA Perceptions: A multi-center study of cognitive differences between faculty and trainees in Chinese surgical residency training.
Article in Surgery open science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify and quantify systematic cognitive differences between clinical faculty and surgical residents regarding core competency requirements in standardized residency training, using the Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) framework, and to provide evidence for optimizing competency-based training curricula. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire survey was administered in March 2025 to 42 supervising faculty and 68 surgical residents across three training bases in Guizhou Province. The questionnaire was developed in accordance with the 2022 Edition of the National Standards and Contents for Residency Training in China, covering 100 EPA items across five subspecialties: neurosurgery, general surgery, urology, orthopedics, and anesthesiology. Participants rated the importance and necessity of each item using a 4-point Likert scale. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Group differences were analyzed via independent-samples Mann-Whitney Results: A total of 110 valid questionnaires were recovered (valid response rate: 93.2%). The overall Cronbach's α was 0.951, and the test-retest ICC was 0.89, indicating excellent reliability. High consistency (> 90%) was observed between faculty and residents for general surgery and neurosurgery EPAs. Among 19 orthopedic EPAs, 10 items showed significant differences ( Conclusion: Systematic discrepancies exist between faculty and residents in perceptions of orthopedic procedural skills and anesthetic safety during surgical residency. To address this gap, unified entrustment benchmarks, integrated assessable soft-skill training, and continuous formative feedback should be prioritized to improve competency-based surgical residency education.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.