ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Beyond depressive symptoms: conceptualizing social suffering among displaced Syrians in Lebanon.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Mental burden is largely conceptualized through mental illness, yet it can manifest beyond diagnostic categories. We contend that Objective: We assess social suffering with the novel feeling broken or destroyed scale (FBD) and compare it with a standard mental health screening instrument for depressive symptoms, namely the patient health questionnaire (PHQ). We contend that both these complementary notions of social suffering and depressive symptoms measure separate, though related, aspects of mental burden and warrant attention. Methods: Using data from the TRANSMIT survey collected among Syrians ( Results: Though used for the first time within the Lebanese context and among a displaced sample, the FBD showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.822; Omega = 0.838). PHQ and FBD demonstrated moderate positive correlations in our sample (ρ = 0.56, all Conclusion: Reframing mental burden among displaced Syrians in Lebanon through the lens of social suffering rather than mental illness can help capture the effects of structural vulnerabilization. This encompasses the cumulative impact of material deprivation, social exclusion, and marginalization, while pointing to resistance as a response to these conditions.
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