Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42404870›Full record

ArticleKidney international reports2026

Randomized Crossover Trial of Low Sodium Dialysate on Tissue Sodium Accumulation in Hemodialysis.

Lale A Ertuglu, R Gulsah Dilaver, Jorge Gamboa, Mert Demirci, Michael Pridmore, Rachelle L Crescenzi, Cindy Mambungu, Andrew Guide, Robert Greevy, T Alp Ikizler

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In one paragraph

Article in Kidney international reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lale A ErtugluDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
R Gulsah DilaverDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jorge GamboaDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Mert DemirciDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Michael PridmoreDepartment of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Rachelle L CrescenziDepartment of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Cindy MambunguDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Andrew GuideDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Robert GreevyDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
T Alp IkizlerDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Funding

The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
CSRD VA I01 CX001755NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) have higher tissue sodium accumulation in skin and muscle. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we assessed the safety and efficacy of low sodium dialysate on skin and muscle sodium accumulation, and systemic markers of inflammation. Methods: Patients on MHD were assigned to initial treatment with either 4-weeks of low sodium dialysate (132 mEq/l) or high sodium dialysate (138 mEq/l). Tissue sodium was assessed with Results: Of 28 randomized participants, 23 completed both treatments. The least-squares mean treatment difference in tissue sodium from high-sodium to low-sodium dialysate were -0.8 for muscle sodium and -1.5 for skin sodium and did not reach statistical significance ( Conclusion: Our study suggests that both low-sodium dialysate and ultrafiltration rate may modify tissue sodium. Future larger studies are needed to evaluate the effects of low-sodium dialysate and high ultrafiltration rate, individually and combined on tissue sodium accumulation and clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

dialysate sodiumhemodialysisinflammationtissue sodium

Identifiers

PMID42404870
PMCPMC13329483

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.