ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Persistent neuropsychiatric dysfunction following chronic tiletamine-containing e-cigarette use: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in veterinary medicine and has recently emerged as a potential illicit additive in e-cigarettes after regulation of etomidate. However, reports of chronic tiletamine-containing e-cigarette use remain scarce. We report the case of a 22-year-old man who developed progressive gait instability, dysarthria, choking on drinking, hand tremor, emotional instability, and marked craving after chronic use of tiletamine-containing e-cigarettes. Brain MRI and routine electromyography showed no definite structural abnormalities, whereas electroencephalography and blink reflex testing suggested functional brain involvement. After discontinuation of tiletamine-containing e-cigarettes and comprehensive treatment, his neurological symptoms, emotional symptoms, and craving gradually improved, with sustained improvement at 1-month follow-up. This case suggests that chronic tiletamine abuse via e-cigarettes may cause persistent neuropsychiatric dysfunction beyond the acute intoxication pattern described in previous reports and may also be accompanied by dependence-related features.
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