ArticleJournal of pain research2026
Efficacy Of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Lumbar Radicular Pain.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07538765 (Efficacy of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Lumbar Radicular Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Lumbar Radicular Pain
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Methodological Concerns Regarding the Interpretation of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Efficacy for Lumbar Radicular Pain [Letter].Journal of pain research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection therapy in patients with radicular low back pain that had not been alleviated by conservative management strategies. Methods: This study included 252 patients with radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation who failed conservative treatment. This is a retrospective cohort study. Participants (aged 18-90) underwent C-arm fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) using a subpedicular approach. Pain severity and functional status were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months post-procedure using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Statistical analysis focused on sociodemographic characteristics and longitudinal changes in VAS and ODI scores. Results: Out of 252 patients, 221 completed the full 3-month follow-up (mean age 54.5 ± 14.1 years; 57.5% female). The median symptom duration was 5 months, and the most frequent injection levels were L4-5 (51.1%) and L5-S1 (48.4%). Significant improvements were observed in both pain (VAS) and functional status (ODI) at the 2-week and 3-month months (p < 0.001). At the 3-month follow-up, treatment success (defined as >50%improvement) was achieved in 64.3% of patients for pain at rest, 57.5% for pain during movement, and 74.2% for nocturnal pain. Additionally, 55.7% of patients demonstrated a significant reduction in disability according to ODI scores. Conclusion: TFESI is an effective non-operative treatment intervention that provides significant mid-term pain reduction and functional improvement in a substantial proportion of patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The low rate of surgical conversion suggests its value as a key alternative to surgery. Clinical Trials Number: NCT07538765.
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