Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42404146›Full record

ArticleData in brief2026

Dine in or take out dataset: user behavior in an interactive virtual reality café.

Elza Ibragimov, Natasha Kholgade Banerjee, Sean Banerjee, Ashutosh Shivakumar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Data in brief, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elza IbragimovWright State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
Natasha Kholgade BanerjeeWright State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
Sean BanerjeeWright State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
Ashutosh ShivakumarWright State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present the Dine In or Take Out Dataset, a virtual reality dataset collected using a Meta Quest Pro, to understand how predominantly Gen Z individuals immersed in a virtual café opt to make the choice of dining in or taking food to go. In our dataset, participants completed four different treatments: no wait for maître d' with no wait for food, no wait for maître d' with 3-minute wait for food, 3-minute wait for maître d' with no wait for food, and 3-minute wait for maître d' with 3-minute wait for food, with treatment orders being randomized for each participant. Our dataset consists of 35 participants interacting with a virtual maître d' non-playable character (NPC) in a virtual cafe environment to order food for dine-in or take-out. Our virtual café was designed using Unity and consists of standing and seated sections found in a typical real-world café and includes four NPCs, the interacting maître d' and 3 seated patrons. To replicate the sounds of a typical café, we generate background sounds of clacking utensils and plates, pouring of liquid, distant conversations, ambient music along with the dialog between the NPC and the participant. Participants provided their demographic information and completed the standard Frustration Distraction Scale, Revised UCLA-20 Loneliness Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, which measure frustration and discomfort intolerance, loneliness, social phobia, and anxiety respectively, prior to immersion. After each treatment, participants retake the State Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure changes in anxiety and rate the proximity, noise level, frustration due to delays, frustration due to a sense of isolation, frustration due to a feeling of anxiousness, and the likelihood of making the same table choice in the real-world using a 5-point Likert scale. After completing all four treatments, participants are re-administered the Frustration Discomfort Scale to understand any post-study changes in frustration and discomfort, NASA Task Load Index to measure workload, System Usability Scale for perceived usability, and the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire to assess any simulator sickness experienced by the participant. Additionally, we also record head, left-hand, and right-hand position and orientation, and eye-gaze data from the VR headset. Our dataset enables researchers to understand how participant-reported anxiety using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory changes between treatments when compared to the baseline provided before the immersion. Participant-reported loneliness from the Revised UCLA-20 in conjunction with the wait time for the maître d can be used by researchers to understand how decisions to dine in or take out change. Participant eye movements can be studied prior to, during, and after participants opt to dine in or take out to understand whether differences in fixations and saccades are present for participants who opt to dine in versus those that choose take out. The dataset can be used in conjunction with pre-trained times series-based deep learning models such as TEMPO, a Transformer-based model, to predict participant responses after each treatment, such as the closeness of people, noise levels, frustration due to the delay, isolation, and anxiousness.

Indexed as

AnxietyFrustrationLonelinessSocial phobiaSocial VRWaiting in VR

Identifiers

PMID42404146
PMCPMC13329375

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.