ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2026
Baseline Sleep Quality and Objective Response in HCC Patients Treated with TACE Combined with Lenvatinib and PD-1 Inhibitors: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospectively Registered Observational Cohort.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbance is common in patients with cancer and may reflect host immune, inflammatory, and symptom states relevant to treatment response. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whether baseline sleep quality is associated with objective response among patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors remains uncertain. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospectively registered observational HCC cohort in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Consecutive patients in the cohort who were treated with TACE plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors were screened; 129 patients with available baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and response data were included. Objective response rate (ORR) was assessed using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, ECOG performance status, ALBI grade, maximum tumor diameter, tumor number, and portal vein tumor thrombosis. Unstabilized inverse-probability complete-case weighting and multiple imputation were used as sensitivity analyses. Results: The mean age was 60.9 years, 94 patients (72.9%) were male, and 64 of 129 patients (49.6%) achieved ORR. Responders had better baseline sleep quality than non-responders (mean PSQI 4.14 vs 7.94; p<0.001). After adjustment, each 1-point increase in PSQI was associated with lower odds of ORR (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.75; p<0.001). The association was similar after inverse-probability weighting (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.75; p<0.001) and multiple imputation (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79; p<0.001). Baseline HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores were not independently associated with ORR. Conclusion: Poorer baseline sleep quality was independently associated with a lower probability of objective response in HCC patients treated with TACE plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors. PSQI may be a feasible baseline risk-stratification tool in this setting, but causal inference is limited and prospective validation is required before sleep-directed interventions can be expected to improve tumor response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.