ArticleBMJ neurology open2026
Stroke and its consequences: protocol and pilot data of the observational Berlin Long-term Observation of Vascular Events (BeLOVE) stroke stratum.
Article in BMJ neurology open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Following a cerebrovascular event, the associated risks for further major adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular events and death (MACE) and important aspects of cognitive, mental and patient-reported outcomes are currently not understood, particularly long-term. Here, we present the study design of the ongoing Berlin Long-term Observation of Vascular Events (BeLOVE) stroke stratum and report data of the first study phase. Methods and analysis: BeLOVE is a prospective, longitudinal, observational, hospital-based cohort study. Its stroke stratum enrols adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage. Patients undergo deep phenotyping including cerebral and cardiac MRI, ECG, echocardiography and bio-sampling including multi-omics analyses. Regular, standardised follow-ups take place annually over a period of up to 10 years and record the frequency of MACE as the primary outcome.Secondary outcomes include the frequency, progression and interactions of functional impairments, namely post-stroke cognition, pain, depression, seizures and their relationship to quality of life.The first study phase included 758 patients (median 69 years, 37% female). At 2-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence (95% CI) of the composite primary endpoint MACE was 0.107 (0.085 to 0.132) and that of first ischaemic stroke, first myocardial infarction and death were 0.066 (0.049 to 0.086), 0.015 (0.008 to 0.026) and 0.040 (0.027 to 0.056), respectively. Ethics and dissemination: Each participant will provide informed written consent during the acute in-hospital phase. Data will be available for research purposes via a written request to the data use and access committee. Trial registration number: German Clinical Trials Register: http://www.drks.de/DRKS00023323 on 4 November 2020.
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