ReviewCureus2026
Barriers to Inclusive Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for LGBTQ+ Populations: A Narrative Review With Emphasis on Midwifery and Obstetric Services in Greece.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite recent legal and policy advancements, LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and additional identities) populations continue to face significant barriers to equitable sexual and reproductive health care. In Greece, legislative reforms have expanded rights for same-sex couples and gender-diverse individuals; however, these changes are not consistently reflected in everyday healthcare practices. Midwives and obstetric staff play a critical role in shaping access to inclusive and affirming sexual and reproductive health services. This narrative review examines the structural, cultural, and professional factors influencing sexual and reproductive healthcare experiences among LGBTQ+ communities in Greece and, where relevant, in broader European and international contexts. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed studies and relevant policy or legal sources published in English and Greek between January 2014 and March 2025. Search terms addressed LGBTQ+ populations, sexual and reproductive healthcare, midwifery, obstetric practice, healthcare access, provider education, discrimination, stigma, and inclusive care. Findings were organised thematically. Five interrelated barriers were identified: discrimination, stigma, and heteronormativity within healthcare encounters; insufficient education and training of midwives and obstetric staff regarding LGBTQ+ health needs; economic constraints and insurance-related exclusions; gaps between legal protections and implementation in clinical settings; and geographic disparities limiting access to inclusive services. These factors frequently intersect and reinforce inequalities in care provision. Improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for LGBTQ+ populations requires coordinated action beyond legal reform, including LGBTQ+-inclusive curricula, continuing professional development, respectful collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data, institutional accountability mechanisms, and equitable access to fertility, gender-affirming, preventive, and perinatal care services.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.