ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
MRI-Guided Magnetic Micro/Nanorobots for Precision Neurotherapeutics: From Intelligent Navigation and BBB Penetration to Clinical Translation.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Magnetic nanorobots in oncology: From targeted drug delivery to smart theranostic systems.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Theranostic Innovative Strategies for Brain Diseases: New Insights on Neurovascular Unit-Associated Pathological Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapid advancements in nanotechnology and medical imaging have positioned magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided magnetic micro/nanorobots (MNRs) as a promising platform for integrated diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. This review highlights recent progress in MNR development, focusing on fabrication techniques, driving mechanisms, multimodal imaging integration, AI-enabled navigation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and disease-specific applications. We analyze biomimetic designs and functional materials for MNRs, including pH- and ROS-responsive degradable materials, liquid metals, and multifunctional coatings.We further examine MRI-based navigation, emphasizing gradient and rotational field control, closed-loop kinematics, and MRI system compatibility. The review also explores AI-assisted multimodal imaging, including MRI, PET, photoacoustic, and fluorescence techniques, alongside the role of deep learning and digital twin models in real-time tracking and path optimization. In addressing the critical challenge of BBB penetration, we review both conventional and emerging strategies. Finally, we assess preclinical findings on the application of MNRs in brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. We further highlight how MNR systems improve therapeutic outcomes by enhancing local drug concentrations, enabling spatiotemporally controlled release, and providing real-time imaging feedback, thereby addressing key failure modes of conventional systemic therapies. The review concludes with a critical assessment of translational challenges and a roadmap toward intelligent, personalized neurotherapeutics.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.