Iatrogenic Fracture of a Peripheral Intravenous Cannula: A Case Report.

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous cannulation is a routine invasive procedure widely used in healthcare settings. While it is typically associated with minimal risk, uncommon complications such as cannula fracture and intravascular migration may occur. They can result in significant morbidity if diagnosis and intervention are delayed. Case report: We describe an adult patient who developed an iatrogenic fracture of a peripheral intravenous cannula, with proximal displacement of the fractured segment into the brachial vein. Ultrasonography was employed to identify and localize the intravascular foreign body. A catheter fragment measuring approximately 2.5 cm was surgically removed via venotomy performed about 5 cm proximal to the initial cannulation site. The patient recovered uneventfully, with no postoperative complications. Conclusion: Although rare, fracture and migration of peripheral intravenous cannulas constitute a serious iatrogenic event. Prompt imaging, particularly with ultrasound, is essential for accurate detection and localization. This case emphasizes the need for meticulous cannula insertion and removal practices, along with heightened clinical vigilance, to improve patient safety and prevent avoidable complications.