SynthesisHuman brain mapping2026
Brain Aging in Specific Phobia: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.
Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Human brain mapping, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain Ageing in Social Anxiety Disorder: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis Across 26 International Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Brain Age in Conduct Disorder:: A Mega-Analysis of the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior Working Group.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
76 authors.
Kimberly V BlakeDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-5658
Kevin HilbertDepartment of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
Jonathan C IpserDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Laura K M HanCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Janna Marie Bas-HoogendamDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Fredrik ÅhsDepartment of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Jochen BauerUniversity Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Katja Beesdo-BaumBehavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden University of Technology (TUD), Dresden, Germany.
Johannes BjörkstrandDepartment of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Laura Blanco-HinojoMRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Joscha BöhnleinInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Robin BülowInstitute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Marta CanoSant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.
Narcis CardonerSant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-0888
Xavier CaserasCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Udo DannlowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical School and University Medical Center OWL, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Mats FredriksonDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Liesbet GoossensDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Dominik GrotegerdInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alfons HammInstitute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Ingmar HeinigInstitute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-4327
Martin J HerrmannDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hamidreza JamalabadiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-2374
Andreas JansenDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Merel KindtUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Anna L KlahnDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Katja KoelkebeckMedical School and University Medical Center OWL, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Axel KrugDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Elisabeth J LeehrInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Martin LotzeFunctional Imaging Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-4956
Juergen MargrafMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany.
Markus MuehlhanDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-8724
Igor NenadićDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-7473
Wenceslao PeñateDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
Andre PittigTranslational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Jens PlagFaculty of Medicine, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Jesús PujolMRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Jan RichterDepartment of Experimental Psychopathology, Institute for Psychology, Hildesheim University, Hildesheim, Germany.
Isabelle C RidderbuschDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Francisco RiveroUniversidad Europea de Canarias, La Orotava, Spain.
Axel SchäferBender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Judith SchäferBehavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden University of Technology (TUD), Dresden, Germany.
Anne SchienleUniversity of Graz, Austria.
Elisabeth SchrammenInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Koen SchruersDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Esther SeidlSBA Research, Vienna, Austria.
Rudolf M StarkDepartment of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Benjamin StraubeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Andreas StröhleDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Boris SuchanNeuropsychological Therapy Centre, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Lea TeutenbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Carlos Ventura-BortDepartment of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-2574
Renee M VisserUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Albert WabneggerUniversity of Graz, Austria.
André WannemüllerUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Julia WendtDepartment of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Hans-Ulrich WittchenDepartment of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Katharina WittfeldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Yunbo YangDepartment of Experimental Psychopathology, Institute for Psychology, Hildesheim University, Hildesheim, Germany.
Anna ZilverstandDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Peter ZwanzgerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Lianne SchmaalCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Moji AghajaniInstitute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Daniel S PineEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810
Ulrike LuekenDepartment of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
Nynke A GroenewoldDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Funding
Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MBoehringer Ingelheim FondsBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungDutch Research Agenda NWA/NeurolabNL NWA.1418.22.025German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, and Siemens HealthcareGerman Research Foundation (DFG), MICIU/AEI/10 and ESF+Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of Münster Dan3/016/26Medical DeltaNIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NWO Rubicon 019.201SG.022Oppenheimer Memorial Trust 22148/01Swedish Brain FoundationSwedish Research CouncilWeijerhost Foundation, NIMH Intramural Research Award, Carnegie Corporation of New York
Abstract
Specific phobia (SPH) is a prevalent anxiety disorder and may involve advanced biological aging. However, limited brain age research has been conducted in anxiety disorders. This mega-analysis investigated brain aging in SPH participants within the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group. 3D brain structural MRI scans from 17 international samples (600 SPH individuals, of whom 504 formally diagnosed and 96 questionnaire-based cases; 1134 controls; age range: 22-75 years) were processed with FreeSurfer. Brain age was estimated from 77 subcortical and cortical regions with a publicly available ENIGMA brain age model. The brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) was calculated as brain age minus chronological age. Linear mixed-effects models examined group differences in brain-PAD and moderation by age. No significant group difference in brain-PAD manifested (β
Indexed as
AgingBrainPhobic DisordersAdultAgedFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultbrain agebrain morphometrymachine learningmega‐analysisneuroimagingphobic disorders
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.