ReviewAdvanced healthcare materials2026
Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Coatings for Orthopedic Metal Implants: Biological Rationale, Design Strategies, and Translational Challenges.
Review in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Orthopedic metal implants are central to fracture fixation, bone-defect reconstruction, and joint replacement, but their long-term performance remains limited by implant-associated infection, biofilm persistence, foreign body response, and impaired osseointegration. This review reframes antibacterial and immunomodulatory coatings as regulators of a dynamic implant biointerface rather than as isolated bactericidal or drug-eluting layers. We first outline the biological coupling among protein conditioning, bacterial adhesion, biofilm maturation, macrophage-mediated inflammation, corrosion, surface topography, and bone integration. We then summarize design requirements for orthopedic metal implant coatings, including cytocompatibility, anti-biofilm efficacy, immune balance, osteogenic support, mechanical adhesion, wear durability, and electrochemical stability. Antibacterial strategies are discussed according to ion-releasing and metal oxide coatings, bioceramic and bioactive glass-based systems, antimicrobial cargo delivery, contact-killing and anti-adhesive surfaces, and externally activated responsive coatings. Immunomodulatory strategies are organized around local anti-inflammatory delivery, natural molecules, cytokine or growth factor presentation, ion-mediated osteoimmunomodulation, and redox or thermal regulation. Finally, we highlight multifunctional coating architectures, fabrication-dependent structure-function relationships, integrated validation frameworks, and translational barriers. This Review provides a design-oriented framework for developing clinically translatable orthopedic implant interfaces that coordinate infection control, immune regulation, osseointegration, and long-term stability.
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Registered trials
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