ArticleBMC genomics2026
Genome-wide analysis across Indian camel populations reveals genetic distinctiveness of the Kharai camel breed.
Article in BMC genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn India, indigenous camel populations have evolved under diverse ecological conditions, leading to the emergence of several distinct breeds with specialised adaptive traits. Understanding the genomic architecture and population structure of such camel populations is essential for their conservation and sustainable utilisation. In the present study, whole-genome sequencing data were generated and analysed for Indian dromedary camels representing nine recognised breeds, along with Indian Bactrian (double-humped) and Arabian Peninsula dromedaries with the primary objective to investigate population structure and to assess the genetic distinctiveness of the geographically isolated Kharai camel, a unique breed adapted to coastal and saline environments.
resultsThe sequencing depth ranged from 11.3× to 25.4× for Indian dromedaries, with high mapping efficiency to the reference genome (mCamDro1). Population structure analyses consistently revealed limited genetic differentiation among most Indian dromedary populations, reflecting shared ancestry and historical gene flow. However, the Kharai camel exhibited clear genetic distinctiveness across multiple analytical approaches. Principal component analysis separated Kharai from other dromedaries, and admixture analysis at K = 2 demonstrated near-complete clustering of Kharai individuals to a distinct ancestral component. Pairwise genetic distances (F
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate substantial genetic homogeneity among Indian dromedary populations while highlighting the distinct genomic identity of the Kharai camel breed. The results underscore the evolutionary uniqueness of this breed and emphasise the need for targeted conservation and management strategies to preserve its genetic resources.
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