Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42402440›Full record

ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2026

A Drug-Environment Interaction Between PM

Shu-Ping Huang, Chien-Chou Su, Rachel Nethery, Kevin Josey, Benjamin Bates, David Robinson, Poonam Gandhi, Melanie Rua, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Soko Setoguchi and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shu-Ping HuangDepartment of Pharmacy, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8934-4542
Chien-Chou SuClinical Innovation and Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Rachel NetheryDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-1477
Kevin JoseyDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Benjamin BatesRutgers University Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
David RobinsonDepartment of Geography, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Poonam GandhiRutgers University Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Melanie RuaRutgers University Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Ashwaghosha ParthasarathiRutgers University Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Soko SetoguchiRutgers University Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Yea-Huei Kao YangInstitute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-5561

Funding

NIA NIH HHS R01 #1R01AG060232-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have investigated the interaction between drug-environment despite the plausibility and concern. We sought to explore the synergistic effects of corticosteroids and PM

objectivesTo assess the synergistic effect of corticosteroid use and PM

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database from 2009 to 2019. We included patients aged 65 years or older and at high risk for cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. Exposures included corticosteroid therapy and seasonal mean PM

resultsThe cohort included 373 402 participants, with average age at index date 73.6 ± 7.2 years; 57.7% of cohort members were female. During the study period, 1 614 331 (43.2%) participants had at least one corticosteroid prescription. The average PM

conclusionsA synergistic effect between seasonal PM

Indexed as

Adrenal Cortex HormonesCardiovascular DiseasesEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterThromboembolismAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTaiwanAdrenal Cortex HormonesParticulate Mattercorticosteroid usedrug‐environment interactionPM2.5 concentration

Identifiers

PMID42402440
PMCPMC13333536

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.