Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42401854›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026

Three-dimensional features of the tarsal sinus and canal complex in normal feet and flexible flatfeet of children.

Chengyi Sun, Shenglong Ding, Yingqi Zhang, Linfeng Ji, Jianzhong Zhang, Mingzhu Zhang

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chengyi Sun *Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Xihuan Nanlu, Beijing Economic-Technological Development, Beijing, 100176, China.
Shenglong Ding *Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Xihuan Nanlu, Beijing Economic-Technological Development, Beijing, 100176, China.
Yingqi Zhang *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
Linfeng JiCenter of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Xihuan Nanlu, Beijing Economic-Technological Development, Beijing, 100176, China.
Jianzhong ZhangCenter of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Xihuan Nanlu, Beijing Economic-Technological Development, Beijing, 100176, China.
Mingzhu ZhangCenter of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Xihuan Nanlu, Beijing Economic-Technological Development, Beijing, 100176, China. michaelzhang120@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-4965

Funding

Beijing High-level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project Academic Leader-02-23
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding dimensions of both sinus tarsi (ST) and tarsal canal (TC) in normal and flatfeet may influence the design, usage and possible control of postoperative complications of arthroereisis. This study was to assess 3D features of the tarsal sinus and canal complex (TSCC) in both normal control and flatfeet in children under non-weightbearing and weightbearing conditions.

methodsThree-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design modeling from WBCT scans of 22 children with flexible flatfeet (age 9-14) and 14 with normal control feet (age 9-15) were used to evaluate volume and dimensions of TSCC. Correlations between Meary's angle, hindfoot alignment, and volume of TSCC were calculated on non-weightbearing and weightbearing CT scans.

resultsThe volume of TSCC was smaller in the flatfoot group compared with the control group both under weightbearing and non-weightbearing conditions. From non-weightbearing to weightbearing the volume of TSCC decreased by 19.1% in the flatfoot group and 13.1% in the control group while the long axis of TSCC moved superiorly and anteriorly with internal rotation in both groups. When bearing weight, TSCC volume was negatively linearly correlated with the hindfoot alignment and Meary's angle.

conclusionsThis study demonstrates that weightbearing has different influences in 3D features of the tarsal sinus and canal complex in children with control and flatfeet. These findings may help understanding biomechanics of pediatric flatfoot and guiding treatment in particular when arthroereisis is used. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective Comparative Study.

Indexed as

FlatfootImaging, Three-DimensionalTarsal BonesAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleHumansMaleTomography, X-Ray ComputedWeight-Bearing3D reconstructionPediatric flatfootSinus tarsiTarsal canalTarsal sinus and canal complexThree-dimensionalWeightbearing CT

Identifiers

PMID42401854
PMCPMC13613710

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.