ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Determining the cognitive-psychological predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety among pregnant women.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPregnancy-related anxiety can adversely affect maternal and fetal health; therefore, understanding its related factors is essential. This study aimed to determine the cognitive-psychological predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety among pregnant women.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women who were covered by urban comprehensive health service centers in Urmia. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire; the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R2); the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS); the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI); and the Maternal Health Literacy and Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire (MHLAPQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsThe mean age of participants was 26.53 ± 4.87 years. The mean pregnancy-related anxiety score was 28.03 ± 9.08. Among the subscales of pregnancy-related anxiety, the lowest mean score was associated with concerns about own appearance, while the highest mean score was linked to fear of childbirth. Depression during pregnancy (B = 0.821, β = 0.523, p < 0.001) and childbirth self-efficacy (B = - 0.048, β = -0.176, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety, whereas perceived social support and maternal health literacy were not significant predictors. The cognitive-psychological variables examined explained approximately 34% of the variance in pregnancy-related anxiety.
conclusionsThe results showed a moderate level of pregnancy-related anxiety in the study population. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate early screening for pregnancy-related anxiety and its related factors into routine care. Furthermore, appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce pregnancy-related anxiety by addressing its predictors.
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