ReviewEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Scoping review: artificial intelligence in patient education for scoliosis.
Review in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundScoliosis is a prominent and disabling spinal deformity often presenting in adolescence, causing pain and movement dysfunction. Treatment involves repeated surgical interventions to straighten the spine gradually. Due to the invasive nature and natural disease progression, patients require a deep understanding of the condition for optimal engagement in treatment and associated physiotherapy for rehabilitation. The latest method of patient education is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to offer tailored information to patients with scoliosis. There are currently no reviews assessing the effects of AI tools in patient education in scoliosis.
methodsLiterature searches from PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science yielded a total of 450 papers after duplicates were excluded. These were independently screened by 2 reviewers with conflicts resolved through consensus, resulting in 5 studies for data extraction. Key themes and information were extracted by two reviewers and grouped by similar trends for analysis.
resultsThe 5 included studies were conducted between 2023 and 2025, in the USA and Europe. They predominantly assessed the use of AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and Google Bard to deliver content and FAQ-style information. Most studies assessed readability, perceived usefulness and reliability, and reported high accuracy ratings and user enjoyment. All 5 studies highlighted the promise of AI in scoliosis patient education, but underlined the need for clinician oversight to ensure the accuracy of the information provided and tailoring to individuals to maximise results.
conclusionAI has an emerging and promising role in patient education; however, clinician involvement and integration are paramount to target the relevant information to best benefit patients. Current issues included text which was too complicated for the target audience, a lack of trust in the output and a lack of clinician oversight. Despite this, all 5 studies reported overall positive results for the adoption of AI in patient education in scoliosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42400630What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.