ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
Acute effects of cryotherapy duration on upper extremity muscle strength, flexibility, endurance, and balance: a randomized trial.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05355584 (Acute Effects of Cryotherapy Duration on Muscle Strength, Flexibility, Endurance and Balance in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acute Effects of Cryotherapy Duration on Muscle Strength, Flexibility, Endurance and Balance in Healthy Individuals
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo compare the acute effects of different cryotherapy (CT) durations on shoulder muscle strength, flexibility, endurance, and upper extremity dynamic balance in healthy individuals.
methodsSeventy-five healthy participants (51 females, 24 males; mean age 20.47 ± 1.32 years) were included in this prospective, single-blind, randomized trial. The participants were randomized into three groups (n = 25 per group) based on the duration of CT application: 10, 15, and 20 min. The primary outcome was muscle strength (hand-held dynamometer); secondary outcomes included upper body flexibility (Back Scratch Test), muscular endurance (Modified Push-up Test), and dynamic balance (Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test). All outcomes were assessed immediately pre- and post-CT application.
resultsNo significant between-group differences were observed for any outcome following cryotherapy protocols, and effect sizes were generally small (partial η²=0.002-0.075, p > 0.05), indicating that the primary hypothesis was not supported. Exploratory within-group analyses demonstrated small reductions in external rotation strength after the 15-minute application (Δ=-1.02 kgF, d = 0.30) and in abduction strength after the 20-minute application (Δ=-0.99 kgF, d = 0.22), whereas no significant strength reductions were observed following the 10-minute application. Increases in endurance were observed across all groups (d = 0.28-0.43), and improvements in external rotation flexibility were noted following the 10- and 20-minute applications (d = 0.19-0.23). Dynamic balance was largely maintained, although an improvement in medial reach distance was observed in the 10-minute group (Δ = 3.45%, d = 0.46).
conclusionsThe 10-, 15-, and 20-minute cryotherapy protocols were associated with comparable acute responses in upper-extremity performance, with no between-group differences observed. Exploratory within-group analyses indicated favorable flexibility and endurance responses across durations, while small reductions in specific strength measures occurred only after the longer applications. Therefore, these findings remain exploratory, and no protocol demonstrated clear superiority.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05355584 (20/04/2022).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.