ArticleBiomedical engineering online2026
Kinematic tracking of the small bones of the wrist in sequential 3DCT and dynamic 4DCT volume images using open-source Hierarchical 3D Registration, a module within SlicerAutoscoper
Article in Biomedical engineering online, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Quantitative kinematic tracking of in vivo skeletal structures efficiently and with high temporal resolution is important to a wide range of questions in biomechanical research. As such, software tools are needed for efficient, semi-automated registration of bones imaged with either 3DCT or 4DCT. This study presents Hierarchical 3D Registration (3DH), an open-source approach to skeletal tracking of three-dimensional image volume sets. The 3DH approach and software are presented using sequential 3DCT datasets of participants performing various thumb tasks and dynamic 4DCT datasets of simulated flexion-extension in cadaveric wrists collected in previous studies. The agreement in computed arthrokinematics with previously calculated values using independent approaches for 3DCT and 4DCT data was assessed with Bland-Altman analyses. Using 3DH, all target bones were successfully tracked for both the 3DCT and 4DCT sets. For 3DCT data of the radius, first metacarpal and trapezium, the mean bias for the helical angle was -0.06 degrees with 95% limits of agreement ranging between -1.87 degrees and 1.74 degrees. The mean bias for translation was 0.12 mm with 95% limits of agreement ranging between -2.23 mm and 2.00 mm. For 4DCT data of the scaphoid and lunate, mean biases of the Euler angle rotations were less than 0.77 degrees about any direction and widest 95% limits of agreement ranging between - 7.11 degrees and 8.65 degrees. Mean biases of translations were less than 0.5 mm in any direction with widest 95% limits of agreement ranging between - 2.36 mm and 1.43 mm. The ability to track bones from both 3DCT and 4DCT data sources with agreement to prior methodologies demonstrates the 3DH approach is a capable tool, which could promote collaboration and consistency of results using open-source software that is a module in the 3DSlicer computing environment.
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