ArticleBMC health services research2026
Evaluation of Loma Linda University Health clinicians' beliefs, knowledge and experiences regarding pain management.
Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEffective pain management and safe opioid prescribing remain major challenges in healthcare delivery. Prior research demonstrates that clinicians often manage chronic pain with little or no formal training in pain management, contributing to low confidence and apprehension when prescribing opioids. Surveys also show that insufficient knowledge and inadequate preparation are among the most common barriers to adopting evidence-based opioid-prescribing practices. This study examined Clinicians' beliefs, knowledge, and experiences regarding pain management and opioid prescribing at a large academic health system.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was administered to about 500 clinicians across multiple specialties including internal medicine, general pediatrics, surgery, family medicine and others at Loma Linda University Health (LLUH) in Spring 2018. A 54-item survey instrument developed primarily from existing medical and pharmacy education literature was used to assess clinicians' beliefs, knowledge, and experiences related to pain management. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics. Independent t-tests and correlation analyses evaluated associations between clinicians' beliefs, knowledge and experiences regarding pain management and opioid prescribing.
resultsOf 262 surveys returned, 255 complete responses were included for a 51% response rate. Respondents averaged 8.3 years in clinical practice and worked approximately 48 h weekly. Only 34.6% reported receiving formal pain-management training. Most clinicians (76.1%) believed opioid misuse is a major community problem, and 71.4% agreed that medical education devotes insufficient time to pain-management topics. Confidence in opioid-related counseling was low; however, fewer than half felt adequately trained or knowledgeable to manage chronic pain safely. Clinicians with formal training reported significantly higher confidence in counseling about pain, opioid use, and opioid misuse (p < 0.001). Residents were more likely than attending physicians to view their institution's pain-management resources positively, while attendings rated their own knowledge and training more favorably. Years of clinical experience correlated positively with perceived adequacy of training (r = 0.206, p = 0.001) and knowledge (r = 0.176, p = 0,006), but negatively with perceived need for more education on opioid misuse (r=-0.241, p < 0.001).
conclusionsWithin a single academic health system, pain management beliefs and perceived knowledge differed significantly between attending physicians and residents, underscoring the influence of training stage. Formal education emerged as a key determinant of preparedness, while persistent educational gaps highlight the need for system-level improvement. Addressing these challenges will require integrated strategies that combine targeted education, workflow-embedded supports, and institutional commitment to evidence-based, comprehensive pain care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.