Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42399934›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

Convergence of schizophrenia risk genes on CALN1 disrupts human forebrain development and drives core psychotic behaviors including hallucination-like perception.

Hui-Juan Li, Xiao Yu, Xi Liu, Xihua Chen, Jinhong Xu, Jinlong Chen, Tianlin Cheng, Sangmi Chung, Yousheng Shu, Zhicheng Shao

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hui-Juan Li *Institute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xiao Yu *Institute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xi Liu *Institute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xihua ChenInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Jinhong XuInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Jinlong ChenInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Tianlin ChengInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Sangmi ChungDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 01595, USA. schung8@nymc.edu.
Yousheng ShuInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. yousheng@fudan.edu.cn.
Zhicheng ShaoInstitute for Translational Brain Research, Center for Clinical Neuro-AI, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. zcshao@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSchizophrenia, a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core clinical symptoms such as hallucination, remains poorly understood its polygenic pathogenesis.

methodsWe selected 11 key schizophrenia risk genes and generated single-gene-knockout-precise-dorsal/ventral-forebrain-organoids via CRISPR-Cas9 system to investigate the polygenic effects of these schizophrenia risk genes on forebrain development via bulk and scRNA-sequencing, multi-electrode array recording and knockout mouse model.

resultsWe found that knockout of 11 risk genes leads to different levels of deficits in human dorsal/ventral forebrain organoids. Notably, CALN1 knockout significantly impacted pathways involved in forebrain development and the set of prioritized schizophrenia risk genes. Importantly, Caln1-KO mice exhibited a broad spectrum of schizophrenia-like behaviors, encompassing deficits in spatial memory, social ability and pre-pulse inhibition, alongside spontaneous startle behavior, head-twitch response and hallucination-like perception. At the cellular level, Caln1-deficient mice exhibit abnormal spontaneous abrupt burst spiking in mature layer-5 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, and snRNA-seq analysis of Caln1

conclusionsThis study reveals that CALN1 as a pivotal role in schizophrenia risk genes robustly perturb human forebrain development and cause a broad spectrum of schizophrenia behaviors in mice.

Indexed as

ProsencephalonSchizophreniaAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMiceMice, KnockoutCALN1; KO miceforebrain organoidshallucination-likeSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID42399934
PMCPMC13613620

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.