Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42399764›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Isolation and characterization of phage vB_KpnS_SXK7 against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and the mechanism of O-antigen-associated phage resistance.

Jiao Feng, Li Sun, Yanran Li, Yuming Zhang, Jinyu Liang, Runru Wang, Liangyu Wang, Yan Meng, Zhiqiang Yang, Xiaogang Cui and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jiao FengInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. fengjiao-1219@163.com.
Li SunInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Yanran LiInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Yuming ZhangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Jinyu LiangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Runru WangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Liangyu WangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Yan MengInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Zhiqiang YangInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Xiaogang CuiInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Changxin WuInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Health Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Zhouguang JiaoKey Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China. 1203281208@qq.com.
Chenrui HouShanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China. houchenrui@sxbqeh.com.cn.

Funding

Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province YDZJSX20231A003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae necessitates alternative therapeutic strategies. Here, we isolated and characterized a lytic phage, vB_KpnS_SXK7, from hospital sewage and investigated the host's resistance mechanism. Morphological analysis identified it as a siphovirus-type phage. It exhibited a 30-min latent period, a burst size of 270 PFU/infected cell, and stability across pH 5-12 and temperatures up to 60 °C. Host range testing against 25 K. pneumoniae strains showed that vB_KpnS_SXK7 lysed 9 strains (36%). Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 49.1-kb circular dsDNA genome lacking tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic-resistance genes, confirming its safety profile. In vitro, vB_KpnS_SXK7 reduced bacterial viability within 2 h. In a Galleria mellonella infection model, a single dose (MOI 100) rescued 80% of larvae from lethal challenge without toxicity. Genomic analysis of resistant mutant SXK7-R11 identified a single-nucleotide deletion in wzm, which encodes an ABC transporter permease essential for O-antigen assembly. This mutation impaired phage adsorption, which was restored by genetic complementation. These findings establish vB_KpnS_SXK7 as a promising preclinical candidate but highlight its vulnerability to resistance mechanisms involving O‑antigen‑associated pathways, supporting the development of phage cocktails targeting multiple receptors against MDR infections.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialKlebsiella pneumoniaeO AntigensSiphoviridaeAnimalsDNA, ViralGenome, ViralHost SpecificityKlebsiella InfectionsSewageWhole Genome SequencingDNA, ViralO AntigensSewageKlebsiella pneumoniaeO-antigenphage resistancephage vB_KpnS_SXK7wzm

Identifiers

PMID42399764
PMCPMC13602662

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.