SynthesisNeurosurgical review2026
Focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening to enhance temozolomide delivery in glioblastoma: a systematic review of preclinical and early clinical evidence.
Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Oncolytic bacteria therapy for malignant glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with persistently poor survival despite chemoradiation and temozolomide (TMZ). Limited intratumoral drug delivery imposed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), along with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, constrains TMZ efficacy. Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB opening (BBBO) has emerged as a noninvasive strategy to transiently and locally enhance central nervous system drug delivery. To systematically synthesize preclinical and early clinical evidence evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic impact of FUS-enhanced TMZ delivery in GBM, and to identify key methodological and translational gaps informing future study design. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, and Scopus was conducted from inception through December 2025. Eligible studies combined FUS-mediated BBBO with systemic TMZ in preclinical GBM models or human patients and reported pharmacologic, therapeutic, or safety outcomes. Nine studies (6 preclinical, 3 clinical) met inclusion criteria. All studies employed microbubbles to facilitate BBBO. Preclinical studies consistently demonstrated increased intratumoral TMZ delivery, improved tumor control, and prolonged survival with FUS plus TMZ compared with TMZ alone. Two studies directly quantified enhanced intratumoral drug exposure. Clinical studies demonstrated reproducible, MR-guided BBBO with favorable safety profiles and no procedure-related neurological complications. However, survival and pharmacokinetic endpoints remain preliminary. Focused ultrasound-mediated BBBO is a feasible and well-tolerated strategy to augment TMZ delivery in GBM. While preclinical evidence supports enhanced intratumoral drug exposure and therapeutic benefit, clinical efficacy remains unproven. Future studies should prioritize standardized protocols, direct pharmacokinetic validation, and adequately powered trials incorporating molecular stratification and clinically meaningful endpoints.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42399440What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.