ArticleNature communications2026
Bipolar membranes reveal surface-hydroxyl-structure-dependent water dissociation mechanism.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The high energy penalty for driving fast water dissociation hinders the implementation of emerging catalysis and energy conversion technologies with high sustainability, including electrolysis and fuel cells. This challenge stems in part from a limited understanding of how active-site structures influence water dissociation pathways. Here, we show that the structure of surface hydroxyls governs water dissociation activity in bipolar membranes. Using tin oxide quantum wires as model catalysts, we find that hydroxyl groups associated with bridging oxygen vacancies promote proton transfer and accelerate the alkaline water dissociation pathway at the membrane interface. By increasing the abundance of these hydroxyl structures through controlled synthesis, the bipolar membrane achieves a transmembrane voltage of 0.88 ± 0.02 V at 1 A cm
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.