ArticleNature communications2026
Time-staggered chemo-immunotherapy via engineered nanofiber resists postoperative dynamic immunosuppression in glioblastoma.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) almost inevitably recurs after surgical resection owing to residual infiltrative tumor cells and postoperative immunosuppression. However, delayed initiation of adjuvant therapy fails to restrain rapid tumor regrowth during the early postoperative period. Here, we elucidate postoperative dynamic immune pathology characterized by early explosive tumor proliferation (Ki67⁺ > 38.5%) and progressive protumoral macrophage polarization, and provide a time-staggered chemo-immunotherapy strategy to promptly remedy the postoperative therapeutic gap. To implement the adaptive intervention, we design an engineered nanofiber that enables immediate chemotherapy followed by dynamic immune modulation tailored to the evolving postoperative pathology. Structurally, the tunable nanofiber composition enables time-staggered release of doxorubicin (DOX) to induce immunogenic cell death and BLZ945 to suppress protumoral macrophage programs and abundance. After surgical resection of orthotopic GL261 tumors, a single implantation achieves 83.9% tumor inhibition and establishes immune memory. This study explores the evolving GBM relapse process to guide engineered nanofiber design with time-staggered drug therapy against postoperative recurrence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.