Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42399218›Full record

ArticleHIV medicine2026

Examining pathways between stigma, extreme weather exposure, resource insecurities and ART adherence among young men who have sex with men and female sex workers living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda.

Carmen H Logie, Ying Wang, Moses Okumu, Jingchuan Fan, Frannie MacKenzie, Gerald Pande, Aidah Nakitende, Brenda Katisi, Peter Kyambadde, Lawrence Mbuagbaw and 5 more

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Article in HIV medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Carmen H LogieFactor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X
Ying WangFactor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Moses OkumuFaculty of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Jingchuan FanFactor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Frannie MacKenzieFactor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gerald PandeMost At Risk Population Initiative (MARPI), Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Aidah NakitendeUtafiti Kamili Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Brenda KatisiUtafiti Kamili Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Peter KyambaddeMost At Risk Population Initiative (MARPI), Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Lawrence MbuagbawDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-5461
Amaya Perez-BrumerDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Caetano DoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Lesley GittingsSchool of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Paul BukulukiSocial Work and Social Administration, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Julien BrissonFactor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-3122

Funding

Canada Research ChairsCIHR Project Grant: 479681
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesStigma is multidimensional and undermines HIV care. We examined socio-environmental pathways linking HIV-related stigma, everyday discrimination and structural stigma to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey (06/2024-02/2025) among MSM and FSW aged 18-35 receiving HIV services from a key population clinic in Kampala. ART adherence was assessed using the Wilson 3-item adherence scale. We conducted stratified multivariable linear regression and multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM) to estimate direct and indirect associations from stigma to adherence through socio-environmental stressors (traumatic exposure severity to extreme weather [TESS], food insecurity, water insecurity), adjusted for socio-demographic variables.

resultsParticipants included MSM (n = 225, mean age: 27.65, standard deviation [SD] = 3.54) and FSW (n = 240, mean age: 25.68, SD: 2.90). SEM showed acceptable fit. In adjusted SEM analyses (a) among MSM, higher TESS, HIV-related stigma and everyday discrimination were directly associated with lower ART adherence and (b) among FSW, higher TESS, HIV-related stigma, water and food insecurity were directly associated with lower ART adherence. There were significant indirect associations between HIV-related stigma and ART adherence via TESS for FSW and MSM, and between everyday discrimination and structural stigma with ART adherence via TESS for MSM.

conclusionsStigma and socio-environmental stressors, including traumatic exposure to extreme weather events, were associated with reduced ART adherence among MSM and FSW participants. Population-tailored HIV care interventions may benefit from integrating intersectional stigma reduction with economic and disaster preparedness supports.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleMedication AdherenceSex WorkersSocial StigmaWeatherAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFood InsecurityHumansMaleUgandaYoung Adultfemale sex workersfood insecurityHIVmen who have sex with menstigmaUgandawater insecurity

Identifiers

PMID42399218
PMCPMC13547432

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.