ArticleRMD open2026
Ultra-high frequency ultrasound of labial salivary glands in Sjögren's disease: diagnostic accuracy and patient stratification.
Article in RMD open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- CEUS in the evaluation of focal salivary gland lesions: a systematic review.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the classification accuracy of ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) of labial salivary glands (LSGs) using both Grey Scale (GS) and colour Doppler (CD). We also investigated its role as an alternative to the highest-weighted classification criteria, its classification performance in combination with SSA status, its contribution to patient stratification and age-related classification variability.
methodsA total of 270 patients with suspected Sjögren's disease (SjD) (136 SjD, 134 Sicca) underwent UHFUS. In addition to OMERACT GS (modified to LSG), CD and composite GS+CD Scores, distinct GS morphological lesions were assessed. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated, and additional analyses included correlation, logistic regression and cluster analysis.
resultsThe optimal classification cut-off was GS ≥2, yielding 66.2% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity. GS Score 3 was highly specific (98.5%), while very hypoechoic areas were exclusively observed in SjD. CD ≥2 showed accuracy comparable to GS, and GS+CD ≥3 enhanced accuracy. Incorporating GS into the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria in place of biopsy achieved excellent accuracy (area under the curve 0.945). Using GS, GS+CD and SSA status, more than 75% of patients could be classified with an accuracy of 94%. Cluster analysis suggests different phenotypes: in Sicca, GS positivity indicated non-immune inflammatory alterations or sialoadenosis; in SjD, GS negativity defined low-grade inflammation. Classification accuracy of GS varied with age, whereas CD remained stable.
conclusionsUHFUS of LSGs is a promising diagnostic tool in SjD when biopsy is not feasible. This study provides novel insights into GS lesions, Doppler assessment, phenotypes and age-related changes of ultrasound.
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