ArticleBMJ open2026
ADHD and cardiometabolic risk profile in adults with type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal register-based study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cardiometabolic risk profile at the time of type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis and examine longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic measures following T2D diagnosis. DESIGN AND
settingA nationwide cohort study using linked Swedish health registers.
participantsAdults aged 18-65 years with a first recorded diagnosis of T2D between 1996 and 2020. ADHD, treated as a lifetime condition, was identified through diagnostic and prescription records. OUTCOME MEASURES: The cardiometabolic risk profile, comprising nine clinical parameters and two behavioural factors, was assessed at T2D diagnosis and was tracked for up to 5 years post-diagnosis. Linear regression (β
resultsAmong 80 607 individuals with T2D, 1204 (1.5%) had an ADHD diagnosis. At T2D diagnosis, individuals with ADHD were younger and had statistically significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (β
conclusionsAmong adults with newly diagnosed T2D, those with co-occurring ADHD had broadly similar cardiometabolic profiles to those without ADHD but presented at a younger age with a modestly higher BMI, triglycerides and smoking prevalence. Individuals with ADHD also showed a slightly greater reduction in BMI over time following T2D diagnosis. Despite modest overall cardiometabolic differences, incorporating ADHD status into preventive diabetes care may help identify a younger, more vulnerable subgroup who could benefit from targeted risk factor management.
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