Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42398971›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026

Emergence of a mixed CAF population by FAP-CD3 T-cell engager limits therapeutic efficacy.

Robert J Norgard, Joshua R Tagore, Pratha Budhani, Sai Charan Penikalapati, Priyanka Gupta, Dongmei Liu, Jessica N Egan, Sarah F Finnegan, Zhuxuan Li, Brianna Flynn and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Robert J Norgard *Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA sarah.obrien@boehringer-ingelheim.com bobby.norgard@boehringer-ingelheim.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-6770
Joshua R Tagore *Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3591-6441
Pratha BudhaniOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Sai Charan PenikalapatiComputational Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Priyanka GuptaBiotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Dongmei LiuBiotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Jessica N EganOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Sarah F FinneganOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Zhuxuan LiOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Brianna FlynnNonclinical Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Claudia Reichel-VodaOncology Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.
Leticia CorralesOncology Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.
Anna Bachmayr-HeydaOncology Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.
Iñigo TirapuOncology Research, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria.
Abhishek S KashyapOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Youli XiaComputational Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
Sarah A O'BrienOncology, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA sarah.obrien@boehringer-ingelheim.com bobby.norgard@boehringer-ingelheim.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFibroblast activating protein (FAP) expressing fibroblasts are an attractive target for cancer therapeutic depletion and while preclinical depletion shows success, previous modalities have had unsuccessful clinical impact. Here, we wanted to comprehensively understand the tumor microenvironmental changes after FAP

methodsA CD3 T-cell engager directed against FAP (FAP TcE) was used to deplete FAP

resultsAdministration of FAP TcE resulted in tumor growth control in vivo that was not dependent on T-cell priming and egress via draining lymph nodes. After FAP TcE, T-cell exhaustion was prevalent with an increased T-cell exhaustive state and the emergence of a T-cell progenitor exhausted state, yet the addition of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) failed to enhance tumor efficacy. Within fibroblast populations, FAP TcE depleted FAP

conclusionThis study highlights the complex and plastic fibroblast changes occurring with stroma-targeted therapies that may limit therapeutic efficacy.

Indexed as

Cancer-Associated FibroblastsCD3 ComplexGelatinasesMembrane ProteinsPancreatic NeoplasmsSerine EndopeptidasesT-LymphocytesAnimalsEndopeptidasesFemaleFibroblast Activation Protein AlphaHumansMiceTumor MicroenvironmentCD3 ComplexEndopeptidasesFibroblast Activation Protein AlphaGelatinasesMembrane ProteinsSerine EndopeptidasesBispecific T cell engager - BiTEImmunotherapyStromaTumor microenvironment - TME

Identifiers

PMID42398971
PMCPMC13343109

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.