ArticleChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Protein-Independent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Adenosine Triphosphate Under Crowded Conditions.
Article in Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a common constituent of protein-rich biomolecular condensates, itself undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) even in the absence of polypeptides. Using polyethylene glycol as macromolecular crowding agent, we observed robust ATP droplet formation at pH 2-11. Moderate NaCl concentrations and lower temperatures promote LLPS by lowering critical ATP and crowder concentrations. While very high salt reverses this trend, the droplets nevertheless survive in hypersaline environments. We argue that both ion-mediated bridging and anomalous underscreening likely contribute to the response of ATP droplets to increasing ionic strength. Most importantly, physiological millimolar ATP concentrations are sufficient for phase separation in the presence of millimolar Mg
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