ArticleBiotechnology letters2026
CitM mediates hydroxycitrate (HCA) uptake: insights from heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis mutant analysis and membrane topology prediction.
Article in Biotechnology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe biotechnological potential of microbial assimilation of C
methodsGrowth of wild-type and transporter-deficient derivatives of B. subtilis (ΔcitM, ΔcimH, ΔcitH, and ΔyraO) was profiled in presence of HCA and citrate using plate and broth assays. Genes encoding these transporters were independently expressed in E. coli to confirm their functional potential, in correlation with structural and topological predictions derived from PSIPRED and MEMSAT-SVM analysis.
resultsDeletion of citM severely diminished the growth of B. subtilis on HCA and citrate while that of cimH distinctly impaired growth on HCA, unlike citH and yraO knockouts. However, only citM overexpression enabled HCA uptake in E. coli. Favorable membrane-insertion topology predicted by the PSIPRED/MEMSAT analysis further supported CitM's exclusive functionality as an HCA transporter.
conclusionCitM was identified as primarily necessary and sufficient for HCA uptake in both B. subtilis and E. coli. The potential of CimH untapped under the tested conditions could be determined through host-optimization strategies. Such mechanistic insights into the expanded transporter promiscuity provide an important framework for engineering microbial systems capable of valorizing HCA-rich agrowaste into value-added products.
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