ArticleAllergy2026
Detergent-Containing Toothpaste Decreases Esophageal Mucosal Impedance and Alters Salivary Properties in Humans.
Article in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEosinophilic esophagitis is associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction. Epidemiologic studies suggest environmental factors promote disease pathogenesis. The common household detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) induces epithelial barrier dysfunction and eosinophilic inflammation in mice. We hypothesized that acute SDS exposure would compromise the esophageal mucosal barrier in humans.
methodsHealthy adults brushed with 2 g of an SDS-containing toothpaste. Esophageal impedance was measured continuously pre-/post-toothbrushing to assess the effect of toothpaste on epithelial barrier function. SDS was measured in saliva using a methylene blue anionic substances assay. Participants completed 1-h esophageal string tests (ESTs) pre-/post-toothbrushing and protein isolates from EST eluates from the proximal and distal esophagus were analyzed by tandem mass tag mass spectrometry.
resultsTen of twelve subjects completed the clinical study. SDS in the initial expectorate measured immediately after toothbrushing varied markedly (median: 321.40 μg/mL; range: 169.90-1243.00 μg/mL) and was detectable in saliva in 80% of subjects (median: 9.55 μg/mL; range: 0-123.40 μg/mL) at 60 min post toothbrushing. Esophageal mucosal impedance decreased within 30 min of toothbrushing (p < 0.01). Toothbrushing increased salivary viscosity and proteins associated with mucosal defense in EST eluates. The tight junction pathway was downregulated while the salivary secretion and complement and coagulation cascades pathways were upregulated in the proximal esophagus.
conclusionIn healthy individuals, SDS remained detectable in saliva for a prolonged period after toothbrushing at concentrations previously shown to disrupt esophageal epithelial barrier function in vitro. Toothbrushing with an SDS-containing toothpaste was associated with reduced esophageal mucosal impedance, altered salivary properties, and activated mucosal immune responses.
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