ReviewMolecular medicine reports2026
Evolving role of biomarkers beyond prostate‑specific antigen in refining prostate cancer screening: From blood‑based tests to urinary and genetic markers (Review).
Review in Molecular medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) screening reduces prostate cancer (PCa) mortality but is limited by overdiagnosis and poor specificity for clinically significant disease. These limitations drive the need for more accurate biomarkers to distinguish aggressive cancers from indolent lesions. The present review examined advanced blood‑based markers, including PSA isoforms, liquid biopsy components and the Prostate Health Index; urinary biomarkers, such as PCa antigen 3, transmembrane protease serine 2‑v‑ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog fusion and the MyProstateScore 2.0 panel; and genetic markers ranging from high‑penetrance germline mutations to polygenic risk scores. It further explored the integration of these biomarkers with multiparametric MRI, risk‑calculator models and health‑economic evaluations to optimize screening pathways. Future directions involve multi‑omic profiling, artificial intelligence and novel biosensing technologies. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive and balanced perspective on emerging biomarkers that are reshaping personalized PCa screening.
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