ArticleResearch square2026
Sleep EEG foundation models reveal within-stage microstructure that improves health screening beyond traditional stages.
William Coon, Mattson Ogg
Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraphArticle in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
2 authors.
William CoonIntelligent Systems Center, Research and Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
Mattson OggIntelligent Systems Center, Research and Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.
Funding
Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR001079 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2013 to 2017
$60.1MWake Forest Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001420 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ARD, JAMY D, FOLEY, KRISTIE L · 2015 to 2023
$32.3MINSTITUTIONAL CTSA (UW-MADISON): CLINICAL TRIALSUL1RR025011 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2007 to 2011
$29.5MClinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000040 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GINSBERG, HENRY N · 2012 to 2015
$26.2MStudy of Osteoporotic FracturesR01AG005407 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI CUMMINGS, STEVEN RON, YAFFE, KRISTINE · 1986 to 2016
$23.2MEPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING IN ADULTSR01HL062252 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI PEPPARD, PAUL E · 1999 to 2013
$14.1MAPPLES: Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy StudyU01HL068060 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KUSHIDA, CLETE A · 2002 to 2007
$14.1MOutcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older MenR01HL071194 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI STONE, KATIE L · 2003 to 2013
$12.2MASSOCIATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ACROSS ETHNIC GROUPSR01HL098433 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S. · 2010 to 2015
$8.2MChanges in Sleep and Cognition in Older WomenR01AG026720 · NIA · CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MED CTR RES INSTITUTE · PI STONE, KATIE L, YAFFE, KRISTINE · 2006 to 2016
$7.5MNational Sleep Research Resource (NSRR)R24HL114473 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI REDLINE, SUSAN S., ZHANG, GUO-QIANG · 2013 to 2017
$7.5MStudy of Osteoporotic FracturesR01AG005394 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ENSRUD, KRISTINE · 1986 to 2015
$6.1MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000040NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025011NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003INHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095159NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095160NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095161NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095162NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095163NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095164NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095165NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095166NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095167NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095168NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095169NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL046380NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL062252NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070837NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070838NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070839NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070841NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070842NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070847NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL070848NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL071194NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL098433NHLBI NIH HHS R24 HL114473NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL068060NIA NIH HHS R01 AG005394NIA NIH HHS R01 AG005407NIA NIH HHS R01 AG026720NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027574NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027576NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036838NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058680NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025018
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Sleep physiology provides rich longitudinal biosignals reflecting integrated brain and systemic physiology, yet polysomnography is commonly compressed into coarse, human-defined stages. We asked whether self-supervised foundation models learn sleep EEG structure beyond traditional staging and encode enriched health information. Using 11,261 overnight recordings, we trained transformers on unlabeled sleep data and probed representations across diagnostic, demographic and functional outcomes. Compared with architecture-matched transformers trained from random initialization on each downstream task, SSL pretraining improved performance across several outcomes. Compared with five-stage-supervised pretraining, EEG-only advantages were clearest for BMI and age, while differences for AHI, sex, and functional outcomes were smaller, nominal, or not reliable. In nested controls, EEG-derived self-supervised model scores retained incremental value beyond covariates, stage summaries, spectral summaries, and a matched five-stage representation. Embedding analyses show that models recover the stage scaffold without labels while preserving higher-resolution, stage-anchored structure that carries task-specific health information beyond the five-stage interface.
Identifiers
PMID42396520
PMCPMC13321276
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390