FINDER converts zero-background kinetic fingerprinting into area-scalable attomolar biomarker detection.

Liuhan Dai, Pavel Banerjee, Alexander Johnson-Buck, Aaron Blanchard, Zi Li, Nils G Walter

Abstract readPreprint

In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liuhan DaiSingle Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Pavel BanerjeeSingle Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7968-8105

Alexander Johnson-BuckSingle Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Aaron BlanchardDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.

Zi LiPacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.

Nils G WalterSingle Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7301-1275

Funding

The RNA nanomachines of the gene expression machinery dissected at the single molecule levelR35GM131922 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI NILS G WALTER · 2019 to 2026

$6.9M

Highly specific, amplification-free, single-molecule counting of rare methylated DNA cancer biomarkersR21CA225493 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI TEWARI, MUNEESH, WALTER, NILS G · 2020 to 2020

$609k

NCI NIH HHS R21 CA225493NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131922

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background constrains analytical sensitivity: surveying larger sensor areas samples more analyte molecules but also accumulates false positives, limiting gains in detection performance. Here we introduce FINDER-Fluorogenic INstantaneous Digital Enumeration and Recognition-a single-molecule platform that combines kinetic fingerprinting with fluorogenic transient probes for rapid molecular classification under near-zero-background conditions. By suppressing both solution and surface-associated background at micromolar probe concentrations, FINDER classifies individual molecules within seconds-scale observation windows per field of view. This regime allows sensitivity to scale with surveyed sensor area, enabling amplification-free quantification of the miRNA cancer biomarker

Identifiers

PMID42396510

DOI10.21203/rs.3.rs-9861361/v1

PMCPMC13321342

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.