Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42396297›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Spatial Transcriptomics Recontextualizes the Cellular Environment of Conjunctival Melanoma.

Jeffrey Maurer, Yoko Suzuki-Horiuchi, Bryant Duong, Michael Vedi Ramirez, Albert Chen, Stephen M Prouty, Tatyana Milman, Vivian Lee, Yuyan Cheng

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jeffrey MaurerFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.
Yoko Suzuki-HoriuchiScheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.ORCID 0000-0003-3800-6160
Bryant DuongFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.
Michael Vedi RamirezFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.
Albert ChenFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.
Stephen M ProutyDepartment of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.ORCID 0000-0001-9436-8268
Tatyana MilmanPathology Department, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia PA, US.ORCID 0000-0003-4015-7195
Vivian LeeFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.
Yuyan ChengFM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, US.ORCID 0000-0003-4647-4917

Funding

TRANSGENIC AND CHIMERIC MOUSE COREP30DK050306 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GARY D. WU · 1997 to 2026
$32.5M
Study Design and Data AnalysisP30AR069589 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Elizabeth Anne Grice · 2016 to 2026
$8.6M
High performance IBM iDataPlex/SONAS computing cluster for genomicsS10OD012312 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KIM, JUNHYONG · 2013 to 2013
$2.0M
NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR069589NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK050306NIH HHS S10 OD012312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare cancer with a potentially high recurrence rate. The mechanics of its progression, its relationship with neighboring tissues, and its molecular characteristics are largely unknown. Diagnosis currently requires a biopsy and the time and expertise of a pathologist. Methods: Archived human biopsies containing CM were submitted to Xenium spatial transcriptomic analysis. Regions were graded by disease progression through histopathology. Differential expression (DE) and composition analysis were performed across disease states. Results: From three patients, 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens were recovered. Composition analysis showed that melanoma depletes fibroblast and epithelial cells while melanocytes proliferate. DE signatures specific to each state show a clear pattern of progression from inflammation, to cellular restructuring, and then to tumor progression and malignancy. Conclusion: Spatial transcriptomics allows single-cell transcriptomics techniques to compare spatially relevant annotations that are difficult to separate by library. This study proposes disease progression biomarker candidates that may elucidate the mechanics of CM progression and function as objective diagnostic and prognostic tools in the future.

Indexed as

Conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesionsConjunctival melanomaPrimary acquired melanomaSpatial transcriptomicsXenium

Identifiers

PMID42396297
PMCPMC13321107

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.