Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42396282›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Pembrolizumab, Temozolomide and HSPPC-96 Vaccine in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Post-Chemoradiation: Results from a Multi-institutional, Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Byram H Ozer, Scott M Lindhorst, Ryan T Merrell, Christopher R Trevino, Jeremy D Rudnick, Nicolas G Avgeropoulos, Naren Ramakrishna, Simon Khagi, Yasmeen Rauf, Tobias Walbert and 23 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03018288 (A Randomized, Double Blind Phase II Trial of Surgery, Radiation Therapy Plus Temozolomide and Pembrolizumab With and Without HSPPC-96 in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03018288 phase2terminatednot on this map

A Randomized, Double Blind Phase II Trial of Surgery, Radiation Therapy Plus Temozolomide and Pembrolizumab With and Without HSPPC-96 in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (GBM)

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Ran2017 to 2022Enrolled90ConditionsGlioblastomaArmsPembrolizumab, HSPPC-96, Temozolomide, Placebo, Surgery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Byram H OzerNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).ORCID 0009-0009-5644-2733
Scott M LindhorstNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Ryan T MerrellNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Christopher R TrevinoNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Jeremy D RudnickNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Nicolas G AvgeropoulosNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Naren RamakrishnaNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Simon KhagiNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Yasmeen RaufNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Tobias WalbertNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).ORCID 0000-0003-0667-8106
Edward PanNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Michael YoussefNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Karen L FinkNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Jacob J MandelNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Lynne P TaylorNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).ORCID 0000-0001-5946-3796
Howard ColmanNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Erin M DunbarNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Nina PaleologosNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Eric C BurtonNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Jing WuNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Heather E LeeperNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Javier GonzalezNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Marta Penas-PradoNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Jeffrey J RaizerNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Eleonora VegliaNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Sandra CraigNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Ying YuanNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Claudia ChambersNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Kathleen WallNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Ewa GrajkowskaNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Tito MendozaNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Terri S ArmstrongNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).
Mark R GilbertNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (B.H.O., E.B., J.W., H.L., J.G., M.P.-P., Y.Y., C.C., K.W., E.G., T.M., T.S.A., M.R.G.); Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (S.M.L.); Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA (R.T.M., C.R.T.); Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D.R.); Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (N.G.A.) and Department of Radiation Oncology (N.R.), Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA (N.G.A., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (S.K., Y.R.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA (T.W.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (E.P., M.Y.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Baylor Scott&White, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.P.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (H.C.); Piedmont Brain Tumor Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (E.M.D.); Division of Neurology, Advocate Medical Group, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA (N.P.); Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (J.J.R.); Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA (Y.Y.); Scientific Leadership and Research Manager, MSD/Merck&Co, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (E.V.); Director of Manufacturing and Logistics, Agenus, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA (S.C.).

Funding

Brain Tumor Clinical and Clinical Research Program (Clinical Support Services)ZIDBC011642 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI OZER, BYRAM · 2015 to 2025
$23.4M
Intramural NIH HHS ZID BC011642
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: GBM is one of the most common and most aggressive brain tumors in adults, and upfront standard of care treatment has limited efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor strategies have significantly improved outcomes in various solid tumors but have not proven effective in GBM, suggesting other strategies may be needed to realize their full potential. Methods: GBM patients were treated with upfront standard of care chemoradiation with temozolomide and pembrolizumab, followed by adjuvant temozolomide and pembrolizumab for six nine-week cycles. Depending on production of sufficient vaccine, patients were randomized into HSPPC-96 vaccine or placebo group (q4 weeks) while those with failed vaccine production continued on study unblinded as an ancillary group. The primary objective was overall survival at one year, and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival at six months, overall and progression-free survival, radiographic response, and tolerability by patient-reported outcomes and adverse event documentation. Results: 90 patients were screened, 32 were treated (8 vaccine, 9 placebo, 15 ancillary), and 26 were evaluable for radiographic responses prior to accrual termination. The study did not meet its primary endpoint of overall survival at one year (65.5% in vaccine group, 75% in placebo). Progression-free endpoints were mildly improved in the vaccine group but were not significant, and response rates were not significantly different. The regimen was well-tolerated and safe. Conclusions: Though limited by early discontinuation, these findings do not support the combination of pembrolizumab and HSPPC-96 vaccine with standard of care therapy. Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03018288.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccineClinical TrialGlioblastomaHSPPC-96Pembrolizumab

Identifiers

PMID42396282
PMCPMC13321219

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.