ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Immunotherapy with or without low-intensity chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy as first-line treatment for newly diagnosed B-ALL patients fit for intensive chemotherapy: a propensity score-matched study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: For B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the dominance of traditional chemotherapy is being rewritten, with multiple promising novel treatment approaches continually emerging. Immunotherapy (blinatumomab, Blina or inotuzumab ozogamicin, InO) has demonstrated efficacy in the induction phase for elderly patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL, but its role in newly diagnosed patients fit for intensive chemotherapy is being explored. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with or without low-intensity chemotherapy in fit patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL. Patients and methods: We retrospectively enrolled 133 patients with newly diagnosed B-ALL who met the inclusion criteria at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether Blina/InO was used in the first-line induction therapy regimen. The immunotherapy group (IG) consisted of 25 patients, while the chemotherapy group (CG) consisted of 108 patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match the IG and CG patients in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, risk stratification, comorbidities and Philadelphia chromosome status. After matching, there were 25 patients in each group. Primary research objectives included remission rates and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate. Secondary objectives included adverse events. Data management and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS and R software. Results: The IG achieved a higher MRD negativity rate (88% vs. 48%, Conclusion: In the PSM-based retrospective cohort study, an immunotherapy-based first-line treatment strategy showed promising early treatment responses and tolerability to hematologic toxicity in fit patients newly diagnosed with B-ALL. These exploratory findings provide additional real-world evidence.
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