ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
A novel inflammatory-nutritional index: NPAR-correlates with the severity of type 2 diabetic foot ulcers.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), an inflammatory-nutritional biomarker, has prognostic value in various diseases, but its relationship with DFU severity is unclear. This study investigates the association between NPAR and DFU severity. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed clinical data from 1,221 consecutive hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) foot lesions admitted to the Burn and Trauma Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2020 and January 2025. The severity of diabetic foot ulcers was graded using the Wagner classification system. Ordinal logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analyses were applied to assess the association of NPAR with DFU severity. Results: Participants were stratified into NPAR quartiles: Q1 (≤17.89), Q2 (17.89-21.36), Q3 (21.36-25.81) and Q4 (≥25.82). Higher NPAR values paralleled greater Wagner grades, longer hospital stays, higher costs and more frequent surgical procedures. In the unadjusted model, each one-unit rise in NPAR conferred an odds ratio (OR) of 1.197 (95% CI, 1.170-1.225) for advanced DFU severity. After full adjustment for 17 covariates, the OR remained 1.174 (95% CI, 1.143-1.205, Conclusion: NPAR is independently and robustly associated with DFU severity in a non-linear dose-dependent manner. As an inexpensive and readily obtainable inflammatory-nutritional composite index, NPAR may help assess the severity of DFU at presentation and assist in clinical decision-making, thereby supplementing clinical decision-making.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.