ArticleThoracic cancer2026
Incidence Patterns and Prognostic Impact of Lung-Involving Multiple Primary Cancers: A 10-Year Hospital-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Thoracic cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple primary cancers (MPCs) are increasingly recognized among lung cancer survivors; however, incidence patterns and prognostic impact of lung-involving MPCs (MPC-LC) remain incompletely characterized, particularly given substantial competing mortality. This study aimed to quantify MPC-LC burden and patterns, identify predictors of incident MPC following lung cancer diagnosis, and evaluate factors associated with overall survival.
methodsPatients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2013 and 2022 at Korea Cancer Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. MPCs were ascertained using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results multiple-primary rules and classified by synchronicity and sequence. Incident metachronous MPCs (mMPC) following lung cancer diagnosis were evaluated using landmark Fine-Gray models, with death as a competing event. OS was assessed using multivariate time-varying Cox models with landmark and lag-time sensitivity analyses.
resultsMPC-LC was detected in 317 of 3195 patients (9.9%; 99 synchronous, 218 metachronous). The 3- and 5-year cumulative incidence of mMPC was 7.3% and 9.6%, respectively, whereas competing mortality was 56.2% and 77.0%. Although unadjusted Kaplan-Meier estimates suggested longer crude survival in patients with MPC-LC, time-aware analyses demonstrated an association between MPC-LC and increased mortality, persisting across inverse probability of treatment weighting and sensitivity analyses. Advanced or unknown stage and neuroendocrine carcinoma histology were adverse prognostic factors.
conclusionsMPC-LC occurs amid substantial competing mortality, and its prognostic impact is best understood using bias- and time-aware analytical approaches. These findings support stage- and histology-informed surveillance and coordinated multidisciplinary care in thoracic oncology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.