ArticleBMC medical education2026
Effect of a four-month indirect vision training program on ergonomic posture and class I cavity preparation performance in dental students.
Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of an indirect vision training (IVT) program on dental students' working postures and cavity preparation performance, using a modified CADEP (Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture) scoring system. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this single-group pre-post quasi-experimental study, The IVT group consisted of 35 third-year dental students, while the control group comprised 67 third-year students from the subsequent academic year who completed the same preclinical restorative dentistry curriculum without receiving IVT. They performed Class I cavity preparations on teeth #16 and #46 using phantom heads. Ergonomic posture was assessed using a modified CADEP scale before and after training. Cavity preparation scores were evaluated for tooth #16 and #46. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Repeated measurements were additionally evaluated using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsFollowing indirect vision training, significant improvements were observed in both ergonomic posture and cavity preparation performance. For Tooth 16, total CADEP scores increased from 47.86 to 62.29 (p < 0.001), while cavity preparation performance scores improved from 64.43 to 72.43 (p < 0.001). For Tooth 46, total CADEP scores increased from 42.29 to 53.86 (p = 0.006), and performance scores improved from 64.14 to 69.91 (p < 0.001). Significant improvements were detected in CADEP-2, CADEP-3, CADEP-6, and CADEP-7 for Tooth 16, and in CADEP-6 and CADEP-7 for Tooth 46. No significant differences were observed according to academic year or gender for most parameters (p > 0.05).
conclusionThis study showed that a 16-week indirect vision training program was associated with improvements in ergonomic posture and Class I cavity preparation performance, particularly in lumbar support, stool use, feet positioning, and dental light positioning.
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