Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42393688›Full record

ReviewJournal of biomedical science2026

Antifungal resistance: from classical mechanisms to the expanding role of acetyltransferases.

Silvia Maria Cordeiro Werneck, Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrasio, Gustavo José Cota de Freitas, Daniel Santana de Carvalho, Isabela da Costa César, Luana Rossato, Rafael Wesley Bastos, Nalu Teixeira Aguiar Peres, Daniel Assis Santos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of biomedical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Silvia Maria Cordeiro WerneckDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Ludmila Gouveia-EufrasioDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Gustavo José Cota de FreitasDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Daniel Santana de CarvalhoPostgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Milton Santos, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil.
Isabela da Costa CésarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Products, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Luana RossatoHealth Sciences Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Grande Dourados, R. João Rosa Góes, 1761, Vila Progresso, Dourados, MS, 79825-070, Brazil.
Rafael Wesley BastosDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center for Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 30000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59064-741, Brazil.
Nalu Teixeira Aguiar PeresDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Daniel Assis SantosDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. das@ufmg.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1108-5666

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 444501/2023-1Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 303762/2020-9National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) Funvir 405934/2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antifungal resistance represents a growing global health challenge, driven by limited therapeutic options, inadequate use of both clinical and environmental drugs, and the remarkable adaptive capacity of fungal pathogens. While resistance has classically been attributed to genetic alterations affecting drug targets and efflux systems, accumulating evidence indicates that regulatory mechanisms play a critical role in shaping antifungal susceptibility. This review highlights that acetyltransferases constitute important and active components of antifungal resistance, operating through multiple integrated mechanisms. Notably, recent studies have extended this framework by identifying the direct enzymatic inactivation of antifungal agents by acetyltransferases, which emerges as an additional resistance mechanism and establishes a functional parallel with antibiotic acetylation in bacteria. These findings highlight acetyltransferases as clinically relevant drivers of antifungal resistance and suggest that targeting these enzymes may enhance the efficacy of existing antifungal therapies and reduce treatment failure.

Indexed as

AcetyltransferasesAntifungal AgentsDrug Resistance, FungalFungiHumansAcetyltransferasesAntifungal AgentsAcetylationAcetyltransferaseAntifungal resistanceFluconazole inactivation

Identifiers

PMID42393688
PMCPMC13330059

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.