Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42393660›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Beyond medical indications: exploring nonclinical cesarean section from healthcare providers' perspectives in southeast Iran.

Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Hadis SHahrahmani, Sara Najibi, Zahra Saedi, Katayon Alidoosti, Farzaneh Ashrafinia, Nasim SHahrahmani, Firoozeh Mirzaee

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Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Masumeh GhazanfarpourReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Hadis SHahrahmaniReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Sara NajibiReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Zahra SaediReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Katayon AlidoostiReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Farzaneh AshrafiniaReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Nasim SHahrahmaniReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran.
Firoozeh MirzaeeReproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran. Mirzaeef@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-0813

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe rate of cesarean delivery in Iran has increased substantially in recent decades, exceeding World Health Organization recommendations and influenced by multiple individual and systemic factors. This study explored factors influencing nonclinical cesarean section from the perspectives of healthcare providers in southeast Iran.

methodsThis qualitative study used a conventional content analysis approach and included 16 participants (nine midwives and seven obstetricians). Data were analyzed using Krippendorff's analytical framework and managed with MAXQDA software.

resultsThe main theme identified was cultural, legal, educational, health system and economic influences on the choice of delivery method. Eleven subthemes were grouped into four interrelated domains: sociocultural and informational factors, health system and professional influences, legal and policy contexts, and educational and economic determinants.

conclusionsNonclinical cesarean section is a multidimensional phenomenon; therefore, multifaceted interventions at individual, professional, and policy levels are required to reduce its prevalence.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelCesarean SectionHealth PersonnelAdultFemaleHumansIranMidwiferyObstetriciansPregnancyQualitative ResearchContent analysisHealthcare providersIranNonclinical cesarean sectionQualitative research

Identifiers

PMID42393660
PMCPMC13355333

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.