Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42393449›Full record

ReviewAdvances and technical standards in neurosurgery2026

Surgical Approaches for Brainstem Tumors in Pediatric Patients.

Sergio Cavalheiro, Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa, Paloam Cardoso Novo, Thais Cristina de Souza Melo, Wagner Lazaretto Padua, Patricia Dastoli, Fernando Suzuki, Richard Gonzalo Párraga

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sergio CavalheiroDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Marcos Devanir Silva da CostaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Paloam Cardoso NovoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Thais Cristina de Souza MeloDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Wagner Lazaretto PaduaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Patricia DastoliDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Fernando SuzukiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Richard Gonzalo PárragaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Bolivian Neurosurgery Institute (INEB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The brainstem is a complex anatomical structure, and tumors in this region account for approximately 12% of all pediatric brain tumors. In this chapter, we detail both the intrinsic and extrinsic anatomy of the brainstem, propose a new redivision into eight anatomical compartments, and describe ten traditional safe entry zones-adding two novel approaches: the supratrigeminal zone for anterior-superior pontine lesions and the interpeduncular cerebellar route for lesions located between the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles. Anatomic knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic brainstem structures, in association with refined microsurgical technique, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, and preoperative planning based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tractography, has enabled broader resection of brainstem lesions with low mortality and acceptable morbidity rates. However, it is the surgeon's responsibility to select the most appropriate surgical trajectory to maximize resection while minimizing functional impairment.

Indexed as

Brain StemBrain Stem NeoplasmsNeurosurgical ProceduresChildHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMicrosurgeryBrain stem approachesBrain stem safe entry zonesBrain stem tumors

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.