Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42393097›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A chromosome-level reference genome assembly of the King Ratsnake (Elaphe carinata).

Boyang Liu, Liangyu Cui, Shangchen Yang, Jiayi Li, Ruyi Huang, Yihang Fan, Jin Chen, Chen Lin, Xiaojun Liu, Wenjing Sun and 4 more

Abstract readDataset
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Boyang Liu *College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Liangyu Cui *College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Shangchen Yang *College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Jiayi LiCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Ruyi HuangShanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Yihang FanCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Jin ChenCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Chen LinCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Xiaojun LiuCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Wenjing SunCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Haimeng LiCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Yanling XiaCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. xiayanling1974@163.com.
Yuan FuCollege of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. yuan.fu.99@foxmail.com.
Song HuangAnhui Province Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China. snakeman@ahnu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32500422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The King Ratsnake (Elaphe carinata), a widely distributed non-colubrine snake in East Asia, exhibits a remarkable capacity for broad-spectrum venom resistance, enabling it to prey on other snakes, including lethal viperid and elapid species. Despite its ecological and physiological significance, the genetic basis of this trait remains largely unknown. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of E. carinata, generated using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read data, and RNA-seq-supported by a synteny-based scaffolding approach using the closely related Elaphe schrenckii. The 1.62 Gb assembly (contig N50 = 2.77 Mb, scaffold N50 = 143.07 Mb) achieves 97.3% BUSCO completeness, with over 90% of sequences anchored into 18 pseudochromosomes. Repetitive sequences account for 53.19% of the genome, with LINE elements being the most abundant. We annotated 19,750 protein-coding genes, of which 99.2% were functionally assigned using integrated evidence from homology, transcriptomics, and ab initio predictions. This high-quality genomic resource provides a foundation for exploring colubrid evolution, venom resistance mechanisms, and the development of novel antivenom therapies.

Indexed as

ChromosomesElapidaeGenomeAnimals

Identifiers

PMID42393097

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.