ArticleNPJ vaccines2026
Oral contraceptive usage among healthcare workers and its impact on COVID-19 booster vaccination immunogenicity.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oral contraceptives (OCs) can substantially modulate immune responses; however, their impact on vaccine immunogenicity remains poorly understood. This study investigated OC use patterns and their determinants among healthcare workers (HCWs), and the effects of OCs on humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses following COVID-19 booster vaccination. From 29 September 2021 to 31 December 2023, 1061 female HCWs aged 18-50 years were enrolled in the CoVacSer study. OC users were compared to non-users. Blood samples combined with a questionnaire were collected before and after third and fourth COVID-19 vaccination including follow-ups. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG levels were measured using SERION ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgG, T-cellular immune response using Oxford Immunotec T-SPOT®.COVID. A linear mixed and a generalised linear model were used to assess the influence of OC on post-vaccination immune response. At study inclusion, 21.7% (230/1061) reported OC use. Younger age, being a physician, and higher BMI were significantly associated with OC. Linear mixed and generalised linear regression models revealed no significant association between reported OC use and humoral and T-cellular immune response before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Although OC are known to modulate immune responses, this study found no statistically significant association between self-reported OC use and humoral or cellular immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. This is among the first studies to address this in the context of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Our findings suggest that in women using OC no specific adjustments to COVID-19 vaccination strategies are required considering OC use. Continued investigation of potential interactions between OC and vaccine- or infection-induced immunity remain warranted.
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