Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42392608›Full record

ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2026

Early neurological and developmental trajectories of infants at high risk of cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Tasneem Karim, Anna Te Velde, Annabel Webb, Catherine Morgan, Nadia Badawi, Iona Novak, Saifuddin Ahmed, Shafiul Islam, Iskander Hossain, Nazrul Islam and 2 more

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Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tasneem KarimCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia tasneem.karim@cerebralpalsy.org.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-8409
Anna Te VeldeCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Annabel WebbCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Catherine MorganCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nadia BadawiCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Iona NovakCerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Saifuddin AhmedCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shafiul IslamCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Iskander HossainCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Nazrul IslamMymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Mohammad MuhitCSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Gulam KhandakerSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLongitudinal data for high-risk infants in the first 2 years of life are limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe survival, diagnostic, neurological and developmental outcomes of infants at risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh.

methodsWe conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of neonates with risk factors for CP admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Bangladesh. Outcomes at 24 months included CP, developmental delay (DD), no known disability and death. Assessments up to 24 months of age included the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, second edition (PDMS-2), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC-2), Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Survival probability was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and mortality risk using Cox proportional hazards models.

resultsOf 227 infants enrolled, 27% died at the median age of 41 days (range 3-403). Mortality risk was significantly associated with multiple birth (HR 6.66; 95% CI 2.08 to 21.32) and neonatal encephalopathy (grade 3 vs grade 1-2: HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.44). Of 125 infants assessed at 24 months, 29% were diagnosed with CP, 10% with DD and 61% had no known disability. Among infants with CP, median HINE scores were 27.5, 29.5 and 34 at 3, 12 and 24 months respectively, with 57-64% scoring <40 across these time points. Motor scores on PDMS-2 were significantly lower in infants with CP than in those with DD (

conclusionsOne-third of the infants died, and an additional third of the survivors developed CP, most with non-ambulant CP. These findings underscore the need for context-specific early detection and intervention strategies for high-risk infants in Bangladesh.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyChild DevelopmentDevelopmental DisabilitiesBangladeshChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeurologic ExaminationProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsCerebral PalsyChildrenDeveloping CountriesLow and Middle Income CountriesMortality

Identifiers

PMID42392608
PMCPMC13330892

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.